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"Norman D. Edelen, Jr. and Lisa A. Hayashi" <normane at hevanet_com>: NANFA--K. Schmidt: DARTER23 (March-April 1997)
- To: nanf at actwin_com
- Subject: "Norman D. Edelen, Jr. and Lisa A. Hayashi" <normane at hevanet_com>: NANFA--K. Schmidt: DARTER23 (March-April 1997)
- From: robertrice at juno_com (robert a rice)
- Date: Tue, 18 Mar 1997 18:45:33 PST
--------- Begin forwarded message ----------
Hey aLL YOU NATIVE FISH LIST FOLKS HERE IS A FREEEBIE...A CURRENT TEXT
VERSION OF NANFAS DARTER NEWSLETTER...IF YOU WANT TO GET THIS PLUS A
REAL COOL AMERICAN CURRENTS MAGAZINE AND LOTS OF REGIONAL ACTIVITIES
THINK ABOUT JOINING US HERE IN NANFA..................
----------
From: Hal Schmidt <Harold.J.Schmidt-1 at tc_umn.edu>
To: normane at hevanet_com
Subject: DARTER23 (March-April 1997)
Date: Tuesday, March 18, 1997 8:03 AM
Please send this to the NANFA list. I hope to get it in the mail
tomorrow.
Kon
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DARTER NEWSLETTER NUMBER 23: March/April 1997
The DARTER is a bimonthly publication of the North American
Native Fishes Association (NANFA). Topics reported in this news
letter include fish studies, rare or unusual occurrences, manage
ment and recovery programs, environmental issues, trivia, col
lecting trips, meetings, aquarium care, and breeding accounts. A
Trading Post section is also provided for members to sell or
trade fish, plants, books, and merchandise. Send news items, want
ads, comments, changes in address, and membership dues
($15/yr:N.America-$17/yr:other continents) to Konrad Schmidt,
Darter Editor at the return address, phone: (612) 776-3468, or
email: schmi144 at tc_umn.edu
NANFA BIZ - (1) The Dreaded Red Stamp. Expiring members will be
notified via a bold LAST ISSUE stamped on their Darters and
American Currents. Please check the date on your mailing labels
to avoid missing a single issue. By the way, NANFA barely broke
the 500 member barrier shortly before the Summer, Fall, and
Winter American Currents went out. Unfortunately, in catching up
almost 100 members expired. However, at the time this Darter went
to the printer, we had rebounded to 425. (2) Assistant Darter
Editor On Board. Many thanks to Kaye Goddard for volunteering to
do two issues beginning with July/August. Please begin sending
her news items, announcements, and Trading Post ads: 3944 N. Farm
Rd. 39, Ash Grove, MO 65604. Phone: 417-751-3268. (3) The NANFA
web page has a permanent address: http://www.nanfa.org Members
are welcomed to check it out and explore links to other fishy
sites. If you're still in the majority of homes without a comput
er and/or Internet access, try the public library and don't be
shy about asking for help. The web page only became a reality
through the dedicated and tireless efforts of Jay DeLong. I
recently emailed him asking if he ever sleeps and his reply was a
only a row of ZZZs. Jay has made several requests which he hopes
will make the web page a major asset to both current and prospec
tive members. Regional representatives are urged to provide their
addresses, phone numbers, and upcoming regional events for the
web page. He is also offering members who have fish related
businesses cyberspace to post brochures and information. A dis
cussion room is currently under consideration and any native fish
topic will be fair game. Articles in text on diskette or as an
email enclosure are welcomed. Photographs (no slides) with a
caption written on the back can be inserted into the body of the
article and will be returned after being scanned. Finally, Jay
has yet another duty dispensing Fish Art Raffle Tickets which
will help fund the national convention in Portland and only cost
a buck. Place your orders via email on the website, snail mail:
19310 77th St. E., Bonney Lake, WA 98390, or phone: (206) 891-
0281. (4) Wanted: Volunteers to serve as regional reps and edi
tors for the email Trading Post, endangered and threatened spe
cies revisions, and an American Currents bibliography database.
Contact Robert Rice for details: (904) 936-0097. (5) A NANFA News
Column is coming to American Currents and will report on regional
events and member activities. Topics sought include, but not
limited to collecting trips, meetings, breeding accounts, and
involvement in environmental issues. Please send your news bulle
tins to Bob Bock, P.O. Box 2304, Kensington, MD 20891. Phone:
(301) 649-4603. (6) Sunfish Study Group. Open to anyone interest
ed in the research, identification, propagation and conservation
of sunfish species. For more information contact: Warren Lund
Jr., 1916 Indiana Ave., Kenner, LA 70062. Phone: (504) 461-8169.
(7) NANFA Email List currently includes about 40 members who send
and receive email messages about NANFA, native fish, etc. The
NANFA list averages about 7 messages daily, but has very little
activity on weekends. There is also a separate Board of Directors
list which is restricted to administrative issues. Members can
join either list by simply sending an email message to Norman
Edelen, Jr.<normane@ hevanet.com> with the request, RAdd me to
the NANFA and/or BOD list. (8) A quarterly revised membership
directory is available as an email text file. Contact Robert Rice
for a free copy: <robertrice at juno_com> (9) A new NANFA constitu
tion is enclosed. Please review and vote it up or down.
ELECTRIC MAGNETISM - Lampreys, especially the non-parasitic
species, remain some of the poorest known fishes in North Ameri
ca. This is due largely to the developing ammocoete's habit of
burrowing into soft substrates for most of the specie's life
cycle. After 5-7 years in the muck as detritus filter feeders,
they finally emerge as adults with a functional sucking disk
which is used only for anchorage to rocks in swift currents.
However, adults lack a digestive tract and survive off body
reserves to spawn and die. Until recently ammocoetes were rarely
sampled and adults were only observed during very brief spawning
migrations. However, Hot Holing preferred habitats with elec
troshockers may become the technique of choice to literally drag
both ammocoetes and emerging adults out into the light of day.
Armed with only a small backpack shocker, the Darter Editor has
found the several new localities in Minnesota for northern
(Ichthyomyzon fossor), southern (I. gagei), and American (Lampe
tra appendix) brook lampreys. Preferred habitats include slow or
slack water usually on the inside bend of stream banks, lower end
of former high water side channels, sheltered bays, or quiet
pools. Substrates are usually comprised of muck, detritus, or
flocculent sand and almost always embedded with woody debris.
Depths are usually less than two feet and the water should be
fairly clear to see escaping lampreys which do not swim to the
dipper like normal fish, but instead attempt a leisurely escape
out of the electric field.
PENNSYLVANIA FISH WALL CHARTS - Series is in full color, 17" x
22", and includes coldwater, warmwater, migratory, miscellaneous
game, pan, and forage species. The price is only $1.41 each plus
$2 shipping (1-5) or $3 (6 or more). Send check or money order to
the Fish & Boat Commission, Publication Section, P.O. Box 67000,
Harrisburg, PA 17106-7000.
FISH ECOLOGY CROSSWORD PUZZLE (Feeding, Habitat, Spawning, and
Tolerance) - ACROSS: 4. Aquatic vegetarians or herbivores include
stonerollers, brassy minnows, northern and southern redbelly
dace, and pugnose and ____ shiners. 5. Fishes sensitive to
degraded water quality and/or habitat include sculpins, darters,
brook trout, stonecat; and Topeka, blackchin, and ____ shiners.
8. The mixed diet of Omnivores provides an edge in impacted
streams over the gourmet specialists and include carpsuckers, and
golden and ____ shiners. 9. Responsible fishes which provide
parental care of eggs and young include sticklebacks, catfish,
sunfish mudmin nows, and johnny and ____ darters. 11. Predators or
top carni vores prey on forage fishes and include bowfin, burbot,
muskie, blue and flathead catfish, and alligator and longnose
____ .14. Insectivores feed on pelagic and benthic bugs and
include red horse, madtoms, darters, redside and finescale dace,
and ____ silversides.15. Pioneers are the first fishes to re-
invade habi tats following a drought or pollution spill and
include green sunfish, creek chub, and orangethroat and ____
darters. 16. Generalist feeders are opportunists that dine on
whatever is available and include blacknose dace and ____ chubs.
DOWN: 1. Large river loving fishes include silver lamprey,
paddlefish, sturgeon, mooneye, quillback, pallid and spottail
shiners, and river and ____ darters. 2. Riffle residents include
longnose dace, rainbow and banded darters, and northern ____
suckers. 3. Headwater species include American brook lamprey,
brook stickle back, and redside and ____ dace. 6. Filter feeders
sieve plankton through gill rakers and include, whitefish,
paddlefish, and gizzard ____. 7. Parasites play the role of
vampire, rasping and sucking a blood meal from their host and
include silver, chest nut, and ____ lampreys. 10. Pool patrons
include sunfish, buffa lo, bullheads, common and redfin shiners,
and ____ darter. 11. Exotics or non-natives include carp, rudd,
ruffe, and round ____ . 12. The eggs of simple lithophils can
only survive in clean gravel and include redhorse and ____ chubs.
13. Tolerant fishes survive and thrive in squalor and include
carp, black bullhead, and ____ sucker.
ANSWERS - Across: 4. weed, 5. ghost, 8. red, 9. fantail, 11. gar,
14. brook, 15. johnny, 16. creek. Down: 1. mud, 2. hog, 3. pearl,
6. shad, 7. sea, 10. Iowa, 11. goby, 12. lake, 13. white. Princi
pal source: Using the Index of Biotic of Integrity (IBI) to
Measure Environmental Quality in Warmwater Streams of Wisconsin
(1992) by John Lyons.
CONTACTS - The greatest benefit NANFA members enjoy is meeting
others with similar interests and pursuits. The Darter Editor had
a very memorable experience on a recent collecting trip to Illi
nois. Ray Katula (Genoa, WI) wanted to collect several darters he
planned to spawn and I looked forward to finally meeting long
time NANFA members Jim Sternburg, Phil Nixon, and Larry Page.
However, I had to first drive 3 hours to Ray's, then we screamed
to Champaign just in time for an informal meeting Larry was
having with his students on a proposed behavioral study of egg-
mimic spawning darters. We stayed with our very gracious host,
Jim Sternburg, who is a retired entomologist and a fascinating
wealth of information on both terrestrial and aquatic bugs. In
his home, he has 55 aquariums and several outdoor ponds in the
backyard. Rainbow fish are his life's joy, but he also had a very
respectable assemblage of natives. Jim took us to a stream
(actually ditch) near town and I was amazed at the diversity
present. A similar ditch in Minnesota would have at most one or
two fishes, but here we found orangethroat and johnny darters,
creek chubsuckers, and several species of minnows. We returned to
the Illinois Natural History Survey where Larry gave a very
impressive tour of the fish collection and I saw my first (and
probably last) harelip sucker. Larry gave Ray some slough darters
(Etheostoma gracile) he recently collected, and for me, a blunt
nose darter (Etheostoma chlorosomum) which was a species I had
wanted to photograph for years because it had not been reported
in Minnesota waters for over half a century. Larry also took us
out to another nearby stream which contained greenside darters
(Etheostoma blennioides) for Ray. However, recent rains made
collecting precarious at best and I opted to take several action
shots of the collectors bobbing helplessly in the raging torrent.
The next day, we left for home, but detoured to Kelly Creek
(another ditch) where Jim promised we would find red shiners
(Cyprinella lutrensis), striped shiners (Luxilus chrysocephalus),
and several other species. Once again, his advice was dead on.
Time permitting, Ray and I both would like to return in the fall
during low flows. I very much hope this little tale will inspire
more members to boldly go where they have never gone before.
SALMON FACTS AND FIGURES - The Jan/Feb 1997 International Angler
reported: (1) 55% of the Columbia River Basin is blocked by dams.
(2) The cost of Columbia River salmon habitat destruction has
been estimated at $13 billion. (3) There has been a 65% reduction
in California salmon reproduction over the last 20 years. (4) And
a 99% reduction in Sacramento River winter run chinook salmon.
FISHES OF ALABAMA AND THE MOBILE BASIN - The 832 page hardbound
book was released in December. Species accounts provide a color
photograph, range map, physical characteristics, adult size,
habitat, and biology. The book is available through the Alabama
Geological Survey, P.O. Box O, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486. Send check
or money order for $50 plus $6 for shipping and handling. How
about a review for the AC?
NANFA SPECIES RECOVERY PROPOSALS - The Bring Back the Natives
Program of the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation solicited
grant proposals which were due in early February. NANFA submitted
captive propagation proposals for the Oregon chub (Oregonichthys
crameri) and Blackbanded sunfish (Enneacanthus chaetodon). If
grants are awarded, members with breeding expertise in coopera
tion with state and federal agencies and private organizations
will produce stock for reintroduction to historic habitats.
AUTOMATED ELECTRONIC MAILING LIST - Several fish related areas
are offered. Native prospects include general aquaria, plants,
salmon, and North American native fishes. The web page address
is: http://www.c2.net/~rieb/aquaria/fishlist.phtml
THE NATURE CONSERVANCY'S BIOHYDROLOGY PROGRAM is compiling both
historical and current native fish data from a region of 17
states and 2 Canadian provinces. Progress to date includes an
aquatic biodiversity assessment database comprised of information
from several natural heritage programs and fishes of... books.
For more information about the program contact Michael Mendelson
at (303) 541-0369.
LAKE RAINBOWS - The Darter Editor had a humbling experience last
summer when I received a second hand account that DNR fisheries
biologists had found the rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum) in
Phalen Lake which is in the city limits of St. Paul, MN. For 25
years, I had collected this species and only on one occasion did
I find a single individual in a lake environment which was actu
ally an impoundment of a stream that did contain the species.
Historically, a stream did drain Phalen, but was long ago piped
several miles underground to the Mississippi River. The collec
tion site description included muck substrates with dense sub
merged aquatic vegetation. I arrogantly dismissed this initial
account as misidentified Iowa darters (Etheostoma exile), but
through the grapevine, I heard another report that biologists had
returned in the fall and collected additional specimens. I paid a
visit to the area office where I met the collector who mentioned
she had run the specimens through the fish keys several times and
came up with both rainbows and Iowa darters. I asked to see the
collection and peered into the bottle with amazement at the
contents. Jay Hatch at the Bell Museum fish collection confirmed
identification which also established the first record of rainbow
darters in Ramsey County. However, I remain puzzled how and when
rainbows got into Phalen Lake and if the population will persist.
I really doubt they swam up the pipe. Jay believes they are
aquarium releases, but I'm not as certain. I hope to return this
year and collect a larger sample for Jay to scrutinize.
COLLECTING MAPS of Indiana, Iowa, Nebraska, and Ohio available in
an atlas format can be ordered for $21.95 each from: Sportsman's
Atlas, P.O. Box 132, Lytton, IA 50561. Phone: 800-568-8334.
MAILBAG - Robert Carillio (Warren, OH) is planing collecting
trips for April and May. Anyone interested in tagging along,
please call him at (330) 847-1414. He has also been very busy
attempting to prevent one of the last woodland/wetland areas in
his city from being developed. On another battle front, Robert is
opposing legislation which was promoted to protect the state's
waterways, but is dependent entirely on polluters to voluntarily
report violations under the incentive that lenient penalties will
be issued. In a kinder and gentler arena, Robert and his wife,
Marie, gave a three hour presentation to a local aquarium society
meeting on native fishes and had a terrific response. Finally,
Robert launched his inaugural regional newsletter. Members in
Ohio and adjoining states can contact him to be added to the
mailing list. Jay DeLong (Bonney Lake, WA) found a 1985 gem of a
publication which is still in print. Colorado's Little Fish is a
guide to the state's minnows and other lesser known fishes.
Species accounts include an excellent color photograph, range
map, physical characters, and habitat description. The price is
only $3 and can be ordered from the Division of Wildlife, Dept.
of Natural Resources, 6060 Broadway, Denver CO 80216. Hy Finkel
stein (Orange, CA) forwarded an article from the December 29,
1996 Orange County Register which reported on a proposed $2
million plan to use a fish toxicant that will eliminate the
introduced northern pike (Esox lucius) from Lake Davis near
Portola, CA. It is feared the species will escape downstream to
the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta where it will pose yet another
threat to the already beleaguered salmon fishery. The local
residents are generally opposed to the idea because the toxicant
has several chemical additives including a carcinogen and the
lake is the source for the city's water supply. Area wells were
tested as an alternative source, but results revealed traces of
arsenic. Also, there are no guarantees that the chemicals will
not leach into the groundwater through the lake bed. The reporter
presented quite a descriptive account for the nasty northern's
alleged traits. Some excerpts include: Rwolf in freshwater,
cougar of the river, jaws like traps, gullet resembling a jet
turbine, only game fish which kills for pleasure, prefers sinking
its razored snout into defenseless trout and salmon, when landed
will lash around like a cornered wolverine,S and warned, Rchil
dren should never be taken pike fishing. Even the one control
measure so far implemented was worthy of a creative writing
award. A fish shredder has been installed on the dam's outlet
pipe which works like a Rhuman hitting a chain link fence at 60
mph. B. G. Granier (Baker, LA) has another trivia tickler: What
Pacific Northwestern fish's flesh is translucent, emerald green
when raw and opaque white when cooked? - the greenling cod.
Elmer Guerri (West Terre Haute, IN) sent a memo that the IL-IN
regional meeting location has been changed to Horseshoe Lake near
Olive Branch, IL on May 3-4, 1997. For more information on lodg
ing and scheduled events contact Elmer at: (812) 535-4175. Eric
Hollis (Liverpool, England) forwarded articles from English
aquarium magazines on keeping and breeding minnows and remarked
there is a great deal of interest in England for North American
native fishes. Unfortunately, recent government regulations
prohibit importation of these species unless they can be certi
fied disease free for at least two years. Eric keeps his private
stock of red shiners, fathead minnows, and rosyred fatheads (a
golden variety) in two small ponds where they spawn frequently.
However, he also has some aging redbelly dace which have not been
as fertile and is scouring the country looking for replacements.
Kris Haggblom (Nanuet, NY) has confirmed the presence of the long
absent mud sunfish (Acantharchus pomotis) in the Hackensack
River. The collection was made south of the I-59 bridge at
Clarkstown, NY. Mark Hove (Falcon Hts., MN) was the first of
several NANFA members to document the spread of the orangespotted
sunfish (Lepomis humilis) in the Mississippi River above Minneap
olis, MN in 1995. In 1996, he collected additional specimens
about 30 miles upstream from the Mississippi in the Crow River
near Delano. It is highly likely orangespots will continue ex
panding into all tributaries upstream to the dam at St. Cloud.
Ray Katula (Genoa, WI) was working last fall for a commercial
fishermen on the St. Croix River at Hudson, WI where he is cer
tain they seined what may have been the first bighead carp
(Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) reported from MN-WI boundary waters.
He wanted to keep it for the Bell Museum fish collection, but the
trophy weighed 35-40 pounds. The Darter Editor contacted the
fisherman who agreed with the ID and remarked he had seined
another individual two years earlier at Prescott, WI. Ray also
had a winter project spawning the flame chub (Hemitremia flammea)
and currently has about 300 free swimming fry. Dan Logan (Albany,
OR) wants to welcome members to bring live fish for display in
aquariums at the NANFA convention in August. However, there are
some regulations pertaining to species which are not established
in the state. Individuals must apply to the Oregon Department of
Fish and Wildlife for a transportation permit which is free, but
takes up to two months to process. The permit must be attached to
the aquarium during the meeting. Prohibited North American spe
cies include: bowfin and all gar and pike. Finally, fish must
leave the state immediately following the meeting. Permit appli
cations are available from Norman Edelen, Jr., 1197 NE 106th,
Portland, OR 97220. Please enclose a SASE. Dr. John Peterka
(NDSU Zoology Dept. - Fargo, ND) did some digging for the Darter
Editor on the exotic ide or golden orf (Leucisus idus) and found
an article in the June 1, 1986 The Forum (Fargo newspaper) which
reported a 5.5 pound ide was caught in the Buffalo River near
Glyndon, MN and also mentioned another one was taken in Red River
of the North at Fargo-Moorhead about 1980. None have been re
ported since 1986. Tim Roettiger (Hudson, WI) wrapped up his
Masters Degree and accepted a position on a chum salmon ecology
study in Fairbanks, AK. He asked the Darter Editor to find a good
home for his pet alligator gar which is now residing in a large
elementary school aquarium. He also promised to write an article
on the Alaska blackfish (Dallia pectoralis) for the AC. By the
way, is anyone interested in his sailboat which has the very
unique name of MUMMICHOG? John Sidle (Chadron, NE) is the Endan
gered Species Coordinator for the Great Plains National Grass
lands. He is in the process of compiling an occurrence list of
over 1000 species (including fish) for each grassland in every
state and province. Eventually, he hopes to put the list on a
website to receive comments, revisions, and corrections. For
more information on the project, contact him at: (308) 432-0391.
MINNESOTA CHECKLIST - NANFA members, Jay Hatch (Bell Museum) and
Dann Siems (Bemidji State University) with a little help from the
Darter Editor and others are preparing a paper which will de
scribe recent revisions in occurrence, distribution, and conser
vation status of Minnesota's fish fauna. The highlight of the
paper will be a two page easy reference list of speciesU distri
bution in the state's major drainages. Eventually, this section
will be sold as a stand alone and waterproofed for field use.
PALLID STURGEON RECOVERY UPDATE is an annual newsletter edited by
NANFA member, Mark Dryer, with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
(USFWS). Just a few highligts reported in April 1996 issue in
cluded: (1) Updated recovery plans are still available. (2)
Summaries of recent surveys and genetic studies. (3) A video
documentary: Sturgeon: Ancient Survivors of the Deep is available
on a loan basis for educational purposes. (4) Fiberglass mounts
of a 40 pound pallid sturgeon can be ordered for about $250. To
request the newsletter or contribute information for upcoming
issues related to pallid sturgeon studies, associated species,
and habitat restoration; contact Mark at the USFWS, 1500 Capitol
Ave., Bismarck, ND 58501. Phone: (701) 250-4419.
TAIL END: Green Eggs and Ham - Rough fish in general are rarely
studied, poorly known, and this vacuum may spawn more fiction
than fact. One account for gar that I have found cited ad infini
tum is that they have bright green eggs. I too accepted it as
doctrine until I got involved with spawning gar for the aquarium
trade. I have seen the eggs from scores of longnose, shortnose,
spotted, and Florida gar, but have yet to find a single one that
is green. They're gray, white, and sometimes even pretty sap
phires. This discovery also makes me question the related claim
that eggs are poisonous to all vertebrates including humans, but
not fish. Perhaps I'll just have to conduct my own research
study and try some green eggs and ham for breakfast some day?
TRADING POST
(Trades subject to state and federal laws!)
Robert Carillio, 509 Genessee Ave., Warren, OH 44483. (330)847-
1714. Have: fish shipping boxes, aquatic plants, misc. aquarium
accessories (e.g., old Mags), greenside darters, mottled sculpin,
and more. Want: southern redbelly dace, warpaint shiners, Iowa
and redline darters, and freshwater eels.
Jerod Elder, 42775 San Julian Place, Temecula, CA 92591.
(909)699-1099. Have or can get: spotted bass, juvenile largemouth
bass, arroyo chubs, least killifish, gobies, sculpins, and many
others CA fresh and saltwater fishes. Want: redfin, grass, or
chain pickerel; black mottled gambusia, darters, madtoms, Elasso
ma and Enneacanthus species, threadfin shad, trout, bluenose and
rainbow shiners, Sacramento perch, blue sucker, longnose gar, and
any aquatic plants. Will buy or trade. Also looking for informa
tion to culture live foods especially brine shrimp.
Tom Gray, 1 Bruce Close, Stock Green, Westerhope, Newcastle Upon
Tyne NES 5LH England. Phone: 91-2864215. Want: information on
breeding southern redbelly dace, back issues of American Cur
rents, and any sources for any killifish eggs.
Kris Haggblom, Nanvet, NY 10954.
Have: Gambusia affinis and Heterandria formosa. Want: Fundulus
zebrinus
Peter Rollo, 2303 Cedar Lane, Secane, PA 19018. (610)543-1660.
Want: wild caught Elassoma evergladei & Heterandria formosa.
Have: tank bred blackbanded and banded sunfish, Heterandria
formosa, and Elassoma evergladei. Bred in fall 1996. Other spe
cies also available. Sale or trade.
Clarence Waldron, 75 Joliette Drive, Napoleon, OH 43545.
(419)599-3510. Have in like new condition: Spotte, Fish and
Invertebrate Culture-$10; Spotte, Marine Aquarium Keeping-$5;
Bower, The Basic Marine Aquarium-$5; Friese, Marine Inverte
brates; and Brusca, Common Intertidal Invertebrates of the Gulf
of California-$10. All 5 books-$30 plus postage. Also available
micro-worms-$1 and fruit fly-$2 starters plus postage.
Don't forget the On-Line Trading Post which comes out monthly.
Request a current issue or run a want ad. Email:
robertrice at juno_com or (904)936-0097.From "Norman D. Edelen, Jr. and Lisa
A. Hayashi" <normane at hevanet_com>
From: "Norman D. Edelen, Jr. and Lisa A. Hayashi" <normane at hevanet_com>
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To: "Todd M. Daniels" <daniels.todd at mayo_edu>,
"Amy Tarlow" <kelpey at aol_com>,
"Layn Luedtke" <fishbrew at aol_com>,
"Joe Warren" <Joe_Warren at nbs_gov>,
"Vince Brach" <vbrach at juno_com>, "Brian Gray" <enzed9 at aol_com>,
"Rob Criswell" <kcriswel at dns_tiu.k12.pa.us>,
"Dave Hough" <DaveCyndy at aol_com>,
"Christopher Scharpf" <cdscharpf at baltimore_wbdoner.com>,
"Ray Hunziker" <amphiuma at aol_com>,
"Rick Sharon" <ricksharon at juno_com>,
"John Bondhus" <jbondhus at lkdllink_net>,
"BG Granier" <bg at te6000_otc.lsu.edu>,
"Dave Littlehale" <littled at cris_com>,
"Peter Unmack" <peter.unmack at ASU_Edu>,
"Garold Sneegas" <GSneegas at juno_com>,
"Jonathon Short" <shortj at ucs_orst.edu>,
"Mark Rosenquist" <pmqvist at aol_com>,
"Robert Richmond" <rsrichmond at aol_com>,
"Charles Powell" <charle5170 at aol_com>,
"Pat McDonald" <McDonapa at ucs_orst.edu>,
"Bill Leja" <lejawt at mcs_net>,
"Nick LaRocca" <godfatha at hotmail_com>,
"Mark Hove" <mh at finsandfur_fw.umn.edu>,
"Roger Hockney" <roger at minnow_demon.co.uk>,
"Hy Finkelstein" <hfinkelstein at cerritos_edu>,
"Phil Farrell" <philter4 at juno_com>,"Norman Edelen,
Jr." <normane at hevanet_com>,"Don Dewey" <donatrcm at aol_com>,
"Jay DeLong" <jdelong at nwifc_wa.gov>,
"Steven Corbett" <corb9441 at uidaho_edu>,
"Marcie Ceryes" <marcie at nafnetwork_com>,
"Robert Bock" <BockR at hd03_nichd.nih.gov>,
"Jen Bayer" <Jennifer_Bayer at nbs_gov>,
"Robert Rice" <RobertRice at juno_com>,
"Konrad Schmidt" <Harold.J.Schmidt-1 at tc_umn.edu>,
"Tom Blanchard" <tblanch at lsuvm_sncc.lsu.edu>,
"Mike Fitzsimons" <jfitzs at lsuvm_sncc.lsu.edu>,
"Dan Logan" <logand at ucs_orst.edu>,
"Kate Shaw" <fishes at KUHUB_CC.UKANS.EDU>,
"Jeff Robinson" <jeff at kymtnnet_org>,
"Eugene Dickerman" <eugene at northnet_org>,"Tammy & Keisuke
Morimoto" <tammor at gol_com>
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 1997 15:17:22 -0800
Subject: NANFA--P. Unmack: (Long) Blacknose Dace Culture Summary (fwd)
Message-ID: <m0w787r-0010ZaC at vista_hevanet.com>
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From: peter.unmack at ASU_Edu
To: Norman Jr. Edelen <normane at hevanet_com>
Subject: (Long) Blacknose Dace Culture Summary (fwd)
Date: Tuesday, March 18, 1997 1:49 PM
for the group (if Dan hasn't already passed it on)
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 1997 13:02:39 -0500
From: FRANK MCCORMICK <MCCORMICK.FRANK at EPAMAIL_EPA.GOV>
To: FISH-ECOLOGY at SEGATE_SUNET.SE
Subject: (Long) Blacknose Dace Culture Summary
Dear Colleagues,
Before the holidays, I posted a query to the list regading the culture
(and,
at the time, mortality in captivity) of blacknose dace *Rhinichthys
atratulus*. I am appending for the members of the list the responses I
received with some annotations in brackets [mine].
1. Culture Methods. Cal Kaya, Montana State Univ. wrote about the
culture of speckled dace (R. osculus): Kaya, C. 1991. Laboratory
spawning and rearing of speckled dace. Prog. Fish Cult. 53:259-260.
They were very easy to maintain, spawn and rear in captivity. Some
batches were subjected to greater and faster temperature change than
you describe, with no apparent ill effects and even spawned shortly
thereafter. We publushed other information on R. osculus in Copeia
1992: 528-535 amd Copeia 1991: 227-229, although spawning and
rearing are mentioned only peripherally in these.
Water Quality/ Contamination. Robert Rice, Mark Muse, Bob Bock.
Several suggested contaminated source water. [Fortunately for the
fathead minnow culture kept on the same water supply (but at 25C),
contamination was not a problem.]
An aquarist at the NJ State Aquarium wrote to report the following
parameters: Temp. 60F =/-2, pH 7.8+/-0.2, NO3 5ppm+-2.
[Our water chemistry: pH 7.8- 8.2; hardness 160-200 mg/l; T 12-15C.
Data on ammonia, nitrite and nitrate were not as conclusive. Analysis
after the kill did not show problematic levels, but these analyses were
not being performed routinely, since the system was flow-through. It is
possible we had an elevated level of one or more of these parameters.]
Overcrowding and Hypoxia. Mike Pauers, Bob Bock and Robert Rice.
100 individuals of a species that enjoys cold, fast-moving, highly
oxygenated waters in ~100L seems a little much to me. What I think
could be happening is that ammonia buildup is exceeding the dilution rate
and choking off the oxygen. I would recommend: Increase the flow of
water to the tank; aerate the water itself; increase circulation within
hte
tank with a powerhead; consider adding a filter; reduce density.
[O2 was supersaturated. We are investigating the possibility of gas
bubble disease though this seems inconsistent with the gill pathology.
See below. Current conditions: <30 individuals in 20 to 35 g. We have
maintained a new group of Dace (R. atratulus) under culture conditions
for three weeks, with only two mortalities since the first 48 hours post
collection. The animals appear healthy, and are feeding well.
Apparently, reducing the density of indiviuals/tank has helped.]
Brown Blood Disease (Methemoglobinemia): Ala Zale, Joe Buttner and
Jay DeLong. The gill color of your dace reminded a fish pathologist
co-worker of mine of brown blood disease (methemoglobinemia), which
occurs in intensively cultured salmonids and channel catfish. SEE:
Brown Blood Disease (Methemoglobinemia) of Fishes. By Paul owser.
Dept of Avian and Aquatic Animal Medicine, NY State College of
Veterinary Medicine, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, Fish Disease
Leaflet 70, published by the US Dept of Interior.
Summarizing the paper: The disease occurs in culture systems with high
nitrite concentrations in combination with low concentrations of other
monovalent ions. Nitrite oxidizes hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which
cannot carry oxygen. Nitrite conc. does not always serve as a predictor
of the disease. Clinical signs include lethargy, crowding near water
inlets or aeration equipment [not seen by us], chocolate brown blood
color and a sharp rise in mortality. It is treated primarily through
NaCl
or
CaCl. CaCl is more effective than NaCl with salmonids. The paper
discusses various Cl to nitrate ratios and the uses of these ratios in
the
diagnosis and treatment of the disease. As a compensatory mechanism,
culturists (in the southern US with channel catfish) tupically use 10ppm
of NaCl by wt.
[This seems to be the culprit to me based on most of the symptoms
described. Could gas supersaturation, (supersaturated oxygen - and
presumably nitrogen?), contribute to, cause or increase susceptibility to
it?]
Frank H. McCormick
Research Ecologist
USEPA - National Exposure Research Laboratory
26 W. Martin Luther King Dr.
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513 569 7097
mccormick.frank at epamail_epa.gov
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