I worked it out by formula so it is much easier to remember: for KH=1, CO2(ppm)=3*10**(7-pH) for other KH values, just multiply by KH, so CO2(ppm)=KH*3*10**(7-pH) which looks remarkably like the equilibrium equation for: H2O + CO2 = 2H+ + CO3-- Didn't I see this before in freshman chem about 30 years ago? Dave Gomberg, Experimenta San Francisco CA gomberg at wcf_com